果蝇属

果蝇科的一属昆虫

果蝇属学名Drosophila)是双翅目果蝇科的一个(不同于实蝇科的“果实蝇”),于1823年由瑞典昆虫学家卡尔·弗雷德里克·法伦英语Carl Fredrik Fallén描述发表,其学名来自希腊文的δρόσος(drosos,指露水)与 φίλος(philos,指喜爱)[1]模式种Drosophila funebris英语Drosophila funebris。本属物种黑腹果蝇为生物学研究中重要的模式生物,广泛用于遗传学研究,此外拟果蝇塞席尔果蝇英语Drosophila sechellia雅库巴果蝇英语Drosophila yakuba嗜凤梨果蝇英语Drosophila ananassae拟暗果蝇英语Drosophila pseudoobscura黑翅果蝇英语Drosophila persimilisDrosophila willistoni英语Drosophila willistoniDrosophila mojavensis英语Drosophila mojavensisDrosophila virilis英语Drosophila virilisDrosophila grimshawi英语Drosophila grimshawi等物种的基因组也已被完整定序,有些也被用作生物研究的模式生物[2]

果蝇属
拟暗果蝇英语Drosophila pseudoobscura
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 昆虫纲 Insecta
目: 双翅目 Diptera
科: 果蝇科 Drosophilidae
属: 果蝇属 Drosophila
Carl Frederick Fallén英语Carl Frederick Fallén, 1823
模式种
Drosophila funebris英语Drosophila funebris
Fabricius, 1787
亚属
异名
  • Acanthophila Duda, 1925
  • Acanthopterna Duda, 1925
  • Acrodrosophila Duda, 1924
  • Antopocerus Hardy, 1965
  • Ateledrosophila Hardy, 1965
  • Chaetodrosophila Duda, 1924
  • Chatodrosophilella Duda, 1923
  • Chusqueophila Brncic, 1957
  • Dorsilopha Sturtevant, 1942
  • Dudaica Strand, 1943
  • Engiscaptomyza Kaneshiro, 1969
  • Hypenomyia Grimshaw, 1901
  • Idiomyia Grimshaw, 1901
  • Macropalpus Duda, 1926
  • Nudidrosophila Hardy, 1965
  • Oinopota Kirby & Spence, 1815
  • Oinopota Oken, 1823
  • Phloridosa Sturtevant, 1942
  • Psilodorha Okada, 1968
  • Siphlodora Patterson & Mainland, 1944
  • Sordophila Wheeler, 1949
  • Spinodrosophila Duda, 1924
  • Spinulophila Duda, 1923
  • Trichotobregma Hardy, 1965

果蝇属已发表的物种超过1500种[3][4],但很可能是复系群,多数物种属Drosophila英语Drosophila (subgenus)Sophophora英语Sophophora两亚属,此外还有Dorsilopha英语DorsilophaSiphlodora英语SiphlodoraDudaica英语Dudaica等亚属,过去曾有学者提议将本属限制在Sophophora亚属的物种,并以黑腹果蝇为模式种,但未获国际动物命名法委员会通过[5]。本属物种广泛分布于世界各地,其中以热带地区为多[6],在沙漠、热带雨林、城市、沼泽与高山中皆有,黑腹果蝇、大果蝇英语Drosophila immigrans和拟果蝇常出现于人类生活的环境, 北美洲的蒙大拿果蝇英语Drosophila montana栖息于高海拔山区,为适应低温的耐寒物种[7],分布于夏威夷的约400个物种有时被归为一独立属Idiomyia[3][8]。本属物种大多以腐败的植物或真菌基质为食,少数物种(铃木氏果蝇英语Drosophila suzukii)可食用新鲜果实而为害虫[9],雄性个体的精子长度在动物界中算相当长的,二裂果蝇的精子伸展时长达5.8公分,超过其体长的20倍,为已知生物最长的精子[10]

下属物种

编辑

本属包括以下物种:[11]

归入本属的物种:

参考文献

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  1. ^ drosophila (n.). Etymonline. [2021-05-05]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-10). 
  2. ^ 12 Drosophila Genomes Project. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [July 29, 2010]. (原始内容存档于May 27, 2010). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Gerhard Bächli. TaxoDros: the database on taxonomy of Drosophilidae. 1999–2006 [2021-05-05]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-09). 
  4. ^ Therese A. Markow; Patrick M. O'Grady. Drosophila: A guide to species identification and use. London: Elsevier. 2005. ISBN 978-0-12-473052-6. 
  5. ^ Yassin, Amir. Phylogenetic classification of the Drosophilidae Rondani (Diptera): the role of morphology in the postgenomic era. Systematic Entomology. 2013, 38 (2): 349–364. ISSN 0307-6970. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00665.x. 
  6. ^ Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service/Ecological Services. Endangered Species | About Us | Featured Species: Relict Leopard Frog. www.fws.gov. [2018-03-10]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-27). 
  7. ^ Parker, Darren J; Wiberg, R Axel W; Trivedi, Urmi; Tyukmaeva, Venera I; Gharbi, Karim; Butlin, Roger K; Hoikkala, Anneli; Kankare, Maaria; Ritchie, Michael G; Gonzalez, Josefa. Inter and Intraspecific Genomic Divergence in Drosophila montana Shows Evidence for Cold Adaptation. Genome Biology and Evolution. August 2018, 10 (8): 2086–2101. PMC 6107330 . PMID 30010752. doi:10.1093/gbe/evy147. 
  8. ^ Brake, Irina; Bächli, Gerhard. Drosophilidae (Diptera). World Catalogue of Insects. 2008. ISBN 978-87-88757-88-0. 
  9. ^ Mark Hoddle. Spotted Wing Drosophila (Cherry Vinegar Fly) Drosophila suzukii. Center for Invasive Species Research. [July 29, 2010]. (原始内容存档于2010-08-01). 
  10. ^ Pitnick, S.; Spicer, G.S.; Markow, T.A. How long is a giant sperm?. Nature. 1995, 375 (6527): 109. Bibcode:1995Natur.375Q.109P. PMID 7753164. doi:10.1038/375109a0. 
  11. ^ Drosophila Fallen, 1823. GBIF. [2022-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-16).