梭子蟹總科(学名Portunoidea),是短尾次目螃蟹)的其中一個總科級的分类阶元,其下包括梭子蟹科及其他科[1][2],皆為海洋生物[3]。其他文獻尚有其他科保留在本總科,但在分子系统发生学分析之後,有可能對現時這些在分類上的爭議有變更[1]

梭子蟹總科
遠海梭子蟹 Portunus pelagicus
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
亚门: 甲殼亞門 Crustacea
纲: 软甲纲 Malacostraca
目: 十足目 Decapoda
亚目: 腹胚亚目 Pleocyemata
下目: 短尾下目 Brachyura
派: 真短尾派 Eubrachyura
亚派: 異孔亞派 Heterotremata
总科: 梭子蟹總科 Portunoidea
Rafinesque, 1815
[1]

七個有現生種的科及四個只有化石種的科:詳見內文

描述

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本總科的成員具有扁平及光滑的頭胸甲英语carapace,而且殼的橫向比縱向寬,呈六边形、近似 六边形、矩形,又或鵝卵形。 It is usually widest between the hindmost spines of the forward rim; there may be up to 9 pairs of these spines, with a few smaller ones right above the head, but they are missing altogether in some 物种.[4]

In some, the first 附肢's 腿 (节肢动物) is lobed, forming the characteristic portunid lobe. The cheliped英语chelipeds are usually robust, and in some the last pereiopod英语pereiopod pair has ovate dactyls英语Dactylus. The sutures英语Suture (anatomy) of the sternum英语sternum (arthropod) between segments 4 to 8 are usually incomplete, and in the Portunidae, the eighth sternite is usually visible if seen from below and has a penial groove.[4]

雄蟹的體節若不是全自由活動的話,就是其第三節到第五節已融合在一起,但often retaining the sutures though. The first gonopod英语gonopod is strongly curved, with a swollen and strongly hooked base.[4]

分類

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梭子蟹總科與扇蟹總科[4],過往被劃歸扇蟹總科的六足蟹科Mathildellidae英语Mathildellidae,在某些分類會劃歸梭子蟹總科;而在深海生活的怪蟹科一般都會劃歸梭子蟹總科,但亦有分類把它放在扇蟹總科之下。所有梭子蟹總科的物種均在海洋生活,除了現時已獨立成單獨總科的毛子蟹科(Trichodactylidae)有部份是在淡水生活。

現時分類

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According to the latest synopsis, there are eleven families in the superfamily Portunoidea, four of which are extinct:[1]

參考文獻

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology英语Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 2009,. Suppl. 21: 1–109 [2012-12-18]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-06-06) (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis. An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 2001: 132 pp [2007-09-29]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2006-05-25) (英语). 
  3. ^ Portunoidea Rafinesque, 1815. WoRMS. 2005-05-02 [2019-08-22]. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hiroaki Karasawa & Carrie E. Schweitzer. A new classification of the Xanthoidea sensu lato (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) based on phylogenetic analysis and traditional systematics and evaluation of all fossil Xanthoidea sensu lato. Contributions to Zoology英语Contributions to Zoology. 2006, 75 (1/2): 23–73 [2012-12-28]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-03). 

外部連結

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