和平宗教

和平宗教（英語：religion of peace），是一個在政治上用以解釋伊斯蘭教的新詞。在2001年九一一襲擊事件發生後，一些諸如馬來西亞第四任首相马哈迪·穆罕默德在內的政治家為了將溫和的穆斯林與伊斯蘭恐怖分子區別開來而將伊斯蘭教描述為「和平宗教」。^[1]在阿拉伯語中，「伊斯蘭」一詞與意為「和平」的詞語「薩拉姆（英語：Salaam）」（音譯，另譯「色蘭」）在詞源學上有關聯。^[2]

使用編輯

過去，「和平宗教」的表述適用於基督教。^[3]

2001年9月，在九一一襲擊事件發生後，美國總統喬治·W·布殊談到：「恐怖的一面不是真正的伊斯蘭信仰。這不是伊斯蘭教所關心的。伊斯蘭教是和平的。這些恐怖分子並不代表和平。他們代表邪惡與戰爭。」^[4]該論點引起了一些人的批評^[5]，2002年美國福音派新教領袖的民意調查顯示只有10%的人同意布殊將伊斯蘭視為和平代名詞的說法。^[6]

馬來西亞前首相马哈迪·穆罕默德在2002年談到：「正如我所說的那樣，伊斯蘭教是一個和平的宗教。然而，幾個世紀以來，偏離伊斯蘭教真正教義的行為時有發生。因此，儘管他們的教義禁止殺戮特別是對無辜人民的殺戮，但（所謂的）穆斯林還是在進行着殺戮。 ^[7]

巴黎大清真寺穆夫提達利勒·博巴克爾（英語：Dalil Boubakeur）在2006年談到：「先知沒有創立一個恐怖主義的宗教，而是一個和平的宗教。」^[8]

批判編輯

穆斯林示威者：
"BEHEAD ALL THOSE WHO INSULT THE PROPHET"
"Our Dead are in Paradise. Your Dead are in HELL!"

謝爾曼·傑克遜（英語：Sherman Jackson）認為，西方政客關於伊斯蘭教是和平宗教的評論是對政治正確性的嘗試。然而，傑克遜聲稱，這一表達並不意味着拒絕伊斯蘭的暴力行為（英語：Islam and violence），而是承認與非穆斯林和平共存（英語：peaceful coexistence）。^[9]

「和平宗教」這一術語也被伊斯蘭教批判者（英語：Criticism of Islam）使用，例如右翼評論家安·庫爾特。^[10]哲學家與新無神論作家山姆·哈里斯寫道：「穆斯林社區面對所有挑釁的立場幾乎都是：伊斯蘭教是和平的宗教，如果你說不是，我們就會殺了你。」^[11]

2005年，在被記者問及伊斯蘭教是否是和平宗教時，本篤十六世提到伊斯蘭教的一些因素可以促成和平，但也有其他的因素。 ^[12]

有影響力的伊斯蘭主義者賽義德·庫特布寫道，伊斯蘭教在所有人類順從於安拉的意義上是和平的宗教。^[13]

2015年5月13日，伊斯蘭國發佈了阿布·貝克爾·巴格達迪的談話錄音，他聲稱伊斯蘭教不是和平的宗教，而是鬥爭的宗教。 ^[14]

參見編輯

參考文獻編輯

引用編輯

^ Islam, Terrorism and Malaysia's Response. 亞洲協會. 2002-02-04 [2017-07-31]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-12）.
^ Armstrong, Karen. The True, Peaceful Face Of Islam. Time. 2001-09-23 [2017-07-22]. （原始內容存檔於2020-09-22）. The very word Islam, which means "surrender," is related to the Arabic salam, or peace.
^ Defensive War not Inconsistent with a Religion of Peace, a cermon, Seeley, Jackson, & Halliday, 1860, p. 11 Quote: "While however it is manifest and unquestionable that Christianity is emphatically a religion of peace and good will towards men — men of all countries and of all climes — it is assuredly not a religion of absolute and passive non-resistance."
^ "Islam is Peace" Says President (新聞稿). Office of the Press Secretary. 2001-09-17 [2007-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-01）.
^ Till, Farrell. The Real Culprit. The Skeptical Review. November 2001 [2007-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於2012-03-18）.
^ Green, John. Evangelical Views of Islam. EPPC and beliefnet. 2003-04-07 [2007-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於2008-10-07）.
^ Islam, Terrorism, and Malaysia's Response (page 2). Asia Society. 2002-02-04 [2017-07-31]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-12）.
^ Prophet cartoons enraging Muslims. 國際紐約時報. 2006-02-02 [2007-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於2006-02-04）.
^ Jackson, Sherman. Jihad and the Modern World. Journal of Islamic Law and Culture. Spring–Summer 2002 [2007-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於2007-12-17）. "Religion of peace" does not imply that Islam is a paciﬁst religion, that it rejects the use of violence altogether, as either a moral or a metaphysical evil. "Religion of peace" connotes, rather, that Islam can countenance a state of permanent, peaceful coexistence with other nations and peoples who are not Muslims...This position, I shall argue, is no more than the result of an objective application of principles of Islamic jurisprudence which no jurist or activist, medieval or modern, has claimed to reject.
^ Siddiqi, Imraan. Ann Coulter's Foul Mouth: The Blond Hate Machine. Counterpunch. 2003-06-05 [2007-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於2003-06-13）. Ann on the other hand, apparently missed this Sunday school lesson, and continues to ridicule Islam sarcastically as the "religion of peace" whenever a negative story arises within the Muslim world.
^ Harris, Sam. Losing Our Spines to Save Our Necks. Huffingtonpost.com. 2008-05-05 [2011-03-19]. （原始內容存檔於2020-09-22）. (updated 25 May 2011)
^ Pope says terror attacks cannot be defined as anti-Christian. Catholic News Agency. 2005-07-25 [2016-02-25]. （原始內容存檔於2020-09-22）. I would not like to use big words to apply generic labels. It certainly contains elements that can favor peace, it also has other elements: we must always seek the best elements.
^ Qutb, Sayyid. Fiqh al-Da’wah. Fiqh al-Da』wah (IslamQA（英語：IslamQA）). : 217–222 [2007-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於2006-10-17）. The defeatists should fear Allah lest they distort this religion and cause it to become weak on the basis of the claim that it is a religion of peace. Yes, it is the religion of peace but in the sense of saving all of mankind from worshiping anything other than Allah and submitting all of mankind to the rule of Allah.
^ ISIS Caliph Baghdadi in New Audio Message: 'Islam Was Never a Religion of Peace,' Our Jihad Is 'The War of All Muslims'. The Christian Post. 2015-05-15 [2015-05-16]. （原始內容存檔於2015-05-17）. Islam was never a religion of peace. Islam is the religion of fighting. No one should believe that the war that we are waging is the war of the Islamic State. It is the war of all Muslims, but the Islamic State is spearheading it. It is the war of Muslims against infidels. O Muslims, go to war everywhere. It is the duty of every Muslim.

來源編輯

書籍

Religion of Peace?: Islam's War Against the World by Gregory M. Davis ( ISBN 0-9778984-4-X )
Islam: Religion of Peace and Justice by Muhammad Nawaz ( ISBN 1-4107-6786-8 )

外部連結編輯

Islam ‘A Religion of Peace’?. [2017-07-31]. （原始內容存檔於2006-03-06）. at Humanists realm, a UK humanist site
Islam: The Religion of Peace. al-Islami.com. [2017-07-31]. （原始內容存檔於2004-08-23）. , argues Islam to be a peaceful religion.

[1] Islam, Terrorism and Malaysia's Response. 亞洲協會. 2002-02-04 [2017-07-31]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-12）.

[2] Armstrong, Karen. The True, Peaceful Face Of Islam. Time. 2001-09-23 [2017-07-22]. （原始內容存檔於2020-09-22）. The very word Islam, which means "surrender," is related to the Arabic salam, or peace.

[3] Defensive War not Inconsistent with a Religion of Peace, a cermon, Seeley, Jackson, & Halliday, 1860, p. 11 Quote: "While however it is manifest and unquestionable that Christianity is emphatically a religion of peace and good will towards men — men of all countries and of all climes — it is assuredly not a religion of absolute and passive non-resistance."

[4] "Islam is Peace" Says President (新聞稿). Office of the Press Secretary. 2001-09-17 [2007-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-01）.

[SkepReview-5] Till, Farrell. The Real Culprit. The Skeptical Review. November 2001 [2007-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於2012-03-18）.

[6] Green, John. Evangelical Views of Islam. EPPC and beliefnet. 2003-04-07 [2007-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於2008-10-07）.

[MALAY-7] Islam, Terrorism, and Malaysia's Response (page 2). Asia Society. 2002-02-04 [2017-07-31]. （原始內容存檔於2020-06-12）.

[8] Prophet cartoons enraging Muslims. 國際紐約時報. 2006-02-02 [2007-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於2006-02-04）.

[9] Jackson, Sherman. Jihad and the Modern World. Journal of Islamic Law and Culture. Spring–Summer 2002 [2007-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於2007-12-17）. "Religion of peace" does not imply that Islam is a paciﬁst religion, that it rejects the use of violence altogether, as either a moral or a metaphysical evil. "Religion of peace" connotes, rather, that Islam can countenance a state of permanent, peaceful coexistence with other nations and peoples who are not Muslims...This position, I shall argue, is no more than the result of an objective application of principles of Islamic jurisprudence which no jurist or activist, medieval or modern, has claimed to reject.

[counterp-10] Siddiqi, Imraan. Ann Coulter's Foul Mouth: The Blond Hate Machine. Counterpunch. 2003-06-05 [2007-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於2003-06-13）. Ann on the other hand, apparently missed this Sunday school lesson, and continues to ridicule Islam sarcastically as the "religion of peace" whenever a negative story arises within the Muslim world.

[11] Harris, Sam. Losing Our Spines to Save Our Necks. Huffingtonpost.com. 2008-05-05 [2011-03-19]. （原始內容存檔於2020-09-22）. (updated 25 May 2011)

[12] Pope says terror attacks cannot be defined as anti-Christian. Catholic News Agency. 2005-07-25 [2016-02-25]. （原始內容存檔於2020-09-22）. I would not like to use big words to apply generic labels. It certainly contains elements that can favor peace, it also has other elements: we must always seek the best elements.

[13] Qutb, Sayyid. Fiqh al-Da’wah. Fiqh al-Da』wah (IslamQA（英語：IslamQA）). : 217–222 [2007-11-22]. （原始內容存檔於2006-10-17）. The defeatists should fear Allah lest they distort this religion and cause it to become weak on the basis of the claim that it is a religion of peace. Yes, it is the religion of peace but in the sense of saving all of mankind from worshiping anything other than Allah and submitting all of mankind to the rule of Allah.

[14] ISIS Caliph Baghdadi in New Audio Message: 'Islam Was Never a Religion of Peace,' Our Jihad Is 'The War of All Muslims'. The Christian Post. 2015-05-15 [2015-05-16]. （原始內容存檔於2015-05-17）. Islam was never a religion of peace. Islam is the religion of fighting. No one should believe that the war that we are waging is the war of the Islamic State. It is the war of all Muslims, but the Islamic State is spearheading it. It is the war of Muslims against infidels. O Muslims, go to war everywhere. It is the duty of every Muslim.

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和平宗教

使用 編輯

批判 編輯

參見 編輯

參考文獻 編輯

引用 編輯

來源 編輯

外部連結 編輯