白宮行政官邸

行政官邸（英語：Executive Residence）是位於白宮建築群東翼與西翼之間的中央建築。行政官邸是白宮建築群中最著名的部分，也是真正的「住宅」部分。這座中央建築始建於1792年至1800年，是美國總統及第一家庭的住所。行政官邸主要由四層組成：地面層、國家層、第二層和第三層。1948年至1952年，在杜魯門總統重建白宮期間，修建了帶有夾層的兩層地下室以用於安置暖通空調、機械系統、存儲設備，以及布置服務區域。

白宮行政官邸北面。

白宮地面層主要房間位置示意圖。

白宮國家層主要房間位置示意圖。

白宮第二層主要房間位置示意圖。

地下層

白宮地下層是在1948年到1952年的重建過程中新增的，其中包含了空調及水軟化設備。地下層及夾層還包含了儲存區、供暖系統、電梯機械室、醫療診所、牙醫診所、電氣控制系統、洗衣房，以及餐具存放地。

基底層

新舊廚房變遷

白宮的基底層最初包含一系列服務用房。由於白宮建立在一個向南傾斜的小山丘上，為了提供通往基底層北側的通道，在修建時挖掉了該宅邸北側及其東北角和西北角附近的區域，以便為底層的這一半提供光線和空氣。建築師詹姆斯·霍班設計了基底層，他將廚房修建在入口大廳的下方，即在北門廊下方有通往廚房的門。儲藏室在廚房的東側，而廁所和洗碗室在西側。1846年，廚房搬到了地下一層西北角的兩個房間，而舊的廚房空間變成了非正式的客廳或接待室。截至2010年，這個原本由在1800年代修建的廚房所占據的巨大中央空間已被細分為白宮管理人辦公室和美國特勤局辦公室。新廚房也繼續占據了位於底樓西北角的三個房間，但現在大小有所改變。

原廚房東側的儲藏室在1809年成為食品儲藏間，在1825年成為肉類儲物櫃，然後在1946年變成通往國家層的樓梯。到2010年為止，該區域基本上保持不變，但在1952年為了建造電梯井而將樓梯收窄。

參考資料

文獻

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延伸閱讀

• Commission on the Renovation of the Executive Mansion. Report of the Commission on the Renovation of the Executive Mansion. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1952. 

• Garrett, Wendell. Our Changing White House. Boston: Northeastern University Press. 1995. ISBN 1555532225. 

• Truman, Margaret. The President's House: 1800 to the Present. New York: Ballantine. 2003. ISBN 0345444523. 

• White House Historical Association. The White House: An Historic Guide. White House Historical Association and National Geographic Association. 2001. ISBN 0912308796. 

外部連結

• 白宮歷史協會 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）（英文）