有聲國際音標肺部氣流音表

國際音標(英語:International Phonetic AlphabetIPA),是一套以拉丁字母為基礎、用來標音的系統。這套系統由國際語音學學會設計,來作為口語聲音的標準化標示方法。[1]

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國際音標中,肺部英語egressive sound氣流音是通過阻塞聲門口腔、並同時或隨後從肺部排出空氣而形成的輔音。國際音標中超過半數的輔音屬於肺部氣流音,現代標準漢語、英語的輔音也都屬於此類。[2]

在下面的音頻樣本中,輔音發音用元音[a]進行演示。

國際音標肺部氣流音
調音部位 舌冠 舌背 咽喉
鼻音
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塞音
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有噝塞擦音
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無噝塞擦音
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有噝擦音
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無噝擦音
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近音
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閃音
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顫音
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塞擦音
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邊擦音
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邊近音
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邊閃音

當符號成對出現時,左邊的是清音,右邊的是濁音陰影區域表示被認為是不可能的發音。

參見 編輯

參考資料 編輯

  1. ^ International Phonetic Association. (1999). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  2. ^ Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert. An Introduction to Language 6th. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. 1998 [1974]. ISBN 0-03-018682-X.