弓状束(英文:Arcuate fasciculus),是连接大脑语言中枢布罗卡区”和“韦尼克区”的神经通路,在结构上是连接颞叶皮层尾部和额叶皮层下部的众多神经纤维[1][2]

弓状束
弓状束连接语言中枢的两大区域
弓状束的纤维跟踪成像
韌帶起點额叶布罗卡区
韌帶終點颞叶韦尼克区
标识字符
拉丁文fasciculus arcuatus
TA98A14.1.09.557
TA25599
FMAFMA:260714
神经解剖学术语英语Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

结构

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在结构上,弓状束属于大脑白质神经径英语Nerve tract,与上纵束英语Superior longitudinal fasciculus平行分布。由于二者邻近,有些研究人员也将弓状束、上纵束混称[3]

历史上,弓状束被认为连接语言中枢“布罗卡区”和“韦尼克区”:布罗卡区位于额下回,韦尼克区位于后颞上回。但如今大多数科学家认为这是个过度简化的模型[4]

功能

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一些研究人员认为“句法”是人类语言的特质。尽管对于弓状束的具体功能仍有争论,主流理论认为它参与处理复杂的句法[2][5]。有研究显示,随着弓状束的成熟、髓鞘化,人对于句法的处理能力随之提升。此外,弓状束损伤会导致人产生句法处理障碍。

弓状束属于双侧型结构,意味着在两侧的大脑半球中均存在。但是两侧的弓状束不对称:左侧的一般要强于右侧。其中左侧的弓状束被认为参与了句法处理,而右侧的则被认为参与了韵律处理[6][7]。进一步研究显示右侧的弓状束可能与解读人脸表情中的情绪有关[8]

临床

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弓状束受损可导致传导性失语症[9]。此外,口吃特定型语言障碍英语Specific language impairment失读症也可能与弓状束异常有关[10][11]

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Noggle, Chad A. Arcuate Fasciculus. Goldstein, Sam (编). Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development. Boston, MA: Springer US. 2011: 141–141. ISBN 978-0-387-79061-9. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79061-9_179 (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Arcuate Fasciculus - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-08) (英语). 
  3. ^ Jeremy D. Schmahmann; Deepak N. Pandya. Fiber Pathways of the Brain. 2006 [2021-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-19) (英语). 
  4. ^ Dick, Anthony Steven; Tremblay, Pascale. Beyond the arcuate fasciculus: consensus and controversy in the connectional anatomy of language. Brain. 2012-12-01, 135 (12): 3529–3550. ISSN 0006-8950. doi:10.1093/brain/aws222. 
  5. ^ Wilson, Stephen M.; Galantucci, Sebastiano; Tartaglia, Maria Carmela; Rising, Kindle; Patterson, Dianne K; Henry, Maya L.; Ogar, Jennifer M.; DeLeon, Jessica; Miller, Bruce L. Syntactic processing depends on dorsal language tracts. Neuron. 2011-10-20, 72 (2): 397–403 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 0896-6273. PMC 3201770 . PMID 22017996. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.09.014. (原始内容存档于2021-09-18). 
  6. ^ Friederici, Angela. Language in our brain : the origins of a uniquely human capacity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. 2017. ISBN 9780262036924. 
  7. ^ Vandermosten, Maaike; Boets, Bart; Wouters, Jan; Ghesquière, Pol. A qualitative and quantitative review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in reading and dyslexia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 1 July 2012, 36 (6): 1532–1552 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 0149-7634. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.04.002. (原始内容存档于2019-10-20). 
  8. ^ Nakajima, Riho; Yordanova, Yordanka N.; Duffau, Hugues; Herbet, Guillaume. Neuropsychological evidence for the crucial role of the right arcuate fasciculus in the face-based mentalizing network: A disconnection analysis. Neuropsychologia. July 2018, 115: 179–187. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.024. 
  9. ^ Bernal, Byron; Ardila, Alfredo. The role of the arcuate fasciculus in conduction aphasia. Brain: A Journal of Neurology. 2009-09, 132 (Pt 9): 2309–2316 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 1460-2156. PMID 19690094. doi:10.1093/brain/awp206. (原始内容存档于2021-04-25). 
  10. ^ Cieslak, M; Ingham, R; Ingham, J; Grafton, S. Anomalous white matter morphology in adults who stutter. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 2015, 58 (2): 268–277. PMC 4675119 . PMID 25635376. doi:10.1044/2015_JSLHR-S-14-0193. 
  11. ^ Vandermosten, Maaike; Boets, Bart; Wouters, Jan; Ghesquière, Pol. A qualitative and quantitative review of diffusion tensor imaging studies in reading and dyslexia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 1 July 2012, 36 (6): 1532–1552 [2021-03-27]. ISSN 0149-7634. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.04.002. (原始内容存档于2019-10-20).