美索不達米亞早期王朝時期
美索不達米亞的考古學文化
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早期王朝時期(縮寫ED時期或ED)是美索不達米亞(現代 伊拉克)中的古文明,可追溯到公元前 2900–2350 年。
地理範圍 | 美索不達米亞 |
---|---|
時期 | 青銅時代 |
時間 | fl. c. 2900–2350 BC (middle) |
典型代表 | Tell Khafajah, Tell Agrab, Tell Asmar |
主要遺址 | Tell Abu Shahrain, Tell al-Madain, Tell as-Senkereh, Tell Abu Habbah, Tell Fara, Tell Uheimir, Tell al-Muqayyar, Tell Bismaya, Tell Hariri |
先前文化 | Jemdet Nasr Period |
繼承文化 | Akkadian Period |
研究史 编辑
蘇美爾的歷史 编辑
外交 编辑
戰爭 编辑
鄰近地區 编辑
近期發現 编辑
王國和統治者 编辑
地理環境 编辑
下美索不達米亞 编辑
鄰近地區 编辑
上美索不達米亞和敘利亞中部 编辑
伊朗高原 编辑
波斯灣 编辑
印度河谷 编辑
政府與經濟 编辑
管理 编辑
寺廟 编辑
人口 编辑
法律 编辑
Gay
貿易 编辑
文化 编辑
雕刻 编辑
金屬加工和金工 编辑
氣缸密封 编辑
嵌體 编辑
參考 编辑
- ^ Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2003: 79. ISBN 978-1-58839-043-1 (英语).
進一步閱讀 编辑
- Ascalone, Enrico. 2007. Mesopotamia: Assyrians, Sumerians, Babylonians (Dictionaries of Civilizations; 1). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-25266-7 (paperback).
- Bottéro, Jean, André Finet, Bertrand Lafont, and George Roux. 2001. Everyday Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Crawford, Harriet E. W. 2004. Sumer and the Sumerians. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Frayne, Douglas. 2008. Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC), University of Toronto Press.
- Leick, Gwendolyn. 2002. Mesopotamia: Invention of the City. London and New York: Penguin.
- Lloyd, Seton. 1978. The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: From the Old Stone Age to the Persian Conquest. London: Thames and Hudson.
- Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea. 1998. Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. London and Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
- Kramer, Samuel Noah. The Sumerians: Their History, Culture and Character . University of Chicago Press. 1963. ISBN 0-226-45238-7.
- Kramer, Samuel Noah. Sumerian Mythology: A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium BC.
- Roux, Georges. 1992. Ancient Iraq, 560 pages. London: Penguin (earlier printings may have different pagination: 1966, 480 pages, Pelican; 1964, 431 pages, London: Allen and Urwin).
- Schomp, Virginia. Ancient Mesopotamia: The Sumerians, Babylonians, And Assyrians.
- Sumer: Cities of Eden (Timelife Lost Civilizations). Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1993 (hardcover, ISBN 0-8094-9887-1).
- Wencel, Maciej Mateusz. Radiocarbon Dating of Early Dynastic Mesopotamia: Results, Limitations, and Prospects. Radiocarbon. 2017, 59 (2): 635–645 [2022-09-21]. ISSN 0033-8222. doi:10.1017/RDC.2016.60. (原始内容存档于2021-10-29) (英语).
- Woolley, C. Leonard. 1929. The Sumerians. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
外部鏈接 编辑
维基共享资源上的相关多媒体资源:美索不達米亞早期王朝時期 |
- Language
- Sumerian Language Page (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), perhaps the oldest Sumerian website on the web (it dates back to 1996), features compiled lexicon, detailed FAQ, extensive links, and so on.
- ETCSL: The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) has complete translations of more than 400 Sumerian literary texts.
- PSD: The Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), while still in its initial stages, can be searched on-line, from August 2004.
- CDLI: Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) a large corpus of Sumerian texts in transliteration, largely from the Early Dynastic and Ur III periods, accessible with images.